VOLUMAIZE®

Hypertrophic Activating Myocellular Expander

By Sal Abraham M.S., R.D., L.D.N.

VOLUMAIZE® is an amazing new patent pending product, creating the novel N-Training™ (during training) supplement category. Classified as a Hypertrophic Activating Myocellular Expander, VOLUMAIZE® promotes anabolism, anti-catabolism, strength, recovery, nutrient and glycogen super-compensation, endurance and overall physical performance for every type of aerobic or anaerobic athlete; from weekend warriors, to novices, to elite professionals. The impact VOLUMAIZE® has on the previously mentioned physical parameters hinges on something called "Supplement Timing Windows™."

■ Supplement Timing Windows™

Supplement or Nutrient Timing is the precise moment for ingesting a particular macronutrient ratio or dietary supplement, which corresponds to a particular activity or time of the day. There are four critical "Supplement Timing Windows™:" Pre-Training, N-Training™ (During Training), Post-Training and Foundation. Ingesting macronutrients and bioactive food components at specific times in relation to exercise can make a significant difference in physical performance, strength, recovery and muscle growth. Thus, proper nutrient timing and manipulation of these Supplement Timing Windows™ is crucial for the body to respond appropriately to exercise, thereby allowing you to take full advantage of the many hours spent training in the gym.1

■ A New Category of Supplement

The ingestion of carbohydrate with essential amino acids (EAAs) during training has been shown to genetically trigger several enzymatic pathways that initiate muscle growth. Despite this, many sports nutrition scientists have chosen to focus the majority of their research on the Pre-Training and Post-Training windows for years now, making one of the most overlooked categories the During Training (N-Training™) window. BSN is proud to create and fill a much needed void with VOLUMAIZE®, the first N-Training™ (During Training) Hypertrophic Activating Myocellular Expander, or Growth Activating Muscle Expander in layman’s terms.

The "Hypertrophic Activating" aspect of VOLUMAIZE® deals with insulin promotion, cortisol regulation, and the genetic signaling of muscle growth via the N-Training™ ingestion of designer carbohydrates and essential amino acids. The term "Hypertrophic Activating" is in reference to Myofibrillar Hypertrophy or enlargement of muscle fibers via increased myofibrils such as actin and myosin filaments, which leads to increased force production. 2

The "Myocellular Expansion" aspect refers to osmotic transport, insulin promotion, glycogen/amino acid super-compensation, and glycerol hyper-hydration. The N-Training™ ingestion of designer carbohydrates, insulinomimetics, essential amino acids, and glycerol phosphates force the muscle cells to super-compensate and pull fluid inside the cell (intracellular) promoting myocellular expansion. The term "Myocellular Expansion" is in reference to Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy or increased sarcoplasma, which is a semifluid interfibrillar substance and non-contractile proteins that do not promote the production of muscle force.2

Interestingly, these two previously mentioned functions are uniquely separate; however, they may also be interrelated since "Myocellular Expansion" may be yet another trigger for muscle growth or myohypertrophy.

■ The VOLUMAIZE® Formula

The VOLUMAIZE® dosage form is available via a 2.6-pound transparent red PET container with promotional shaker cup, consisting of approximately 53,000 milligrams of active components per two scoops. Simply add a serving of VOLUMAIZE® to 20 ounces of cold water, shake, and consume during your workout, initiating muscle cell expansion and enhanced workout performance in the process.

VOLUMAIZE® contains one master proprietary blend (referred to as the VOLUMAIZE® Proprietary Myocellular Expansion Matrix) and four sub-proprietary blends, consisting of Designer Glycogen Super Compensation Polymers, the MyoHypertrophic Activating Complex, an Insulino-Mimetic Matrix, and the Glycerol-Phosphoplexx complex.

■ Designer Glycogen Super-Compensation Polymers

The Designer Glycogen Super-Compensation sub-blend contains Amylopectin, Maltodextrin, Palatinose® (Isomaltulose), and Dextran. The ingredients contained in this sub-blend can be categorized as High Molecular Weight Highly Branched Chain Carbohydrates [Amylopectin (Waxy Maize) and Dextran], Complex Carbohydrates [Glucose Polymers (Maltodextrin)], and sustained-release Nootropic disaccharide analogs [Isomaltulose].

Amylopectin (Waxy Maize High Molecular Weight Branched Chain Glucan) is a unique designer carbohydrate consisting of glucose residues in alpha-(1, 4) linkage to branches, which are formed by alpha-(1, 6) linkages. Regular carbohydrate, or starch, is composed of approximately 30% amylose and 70% amylopectin; however, waxy maize is approximately 100% amylopectin, resulting in glycogen sparing and glycogen super-compensation.2,3,4 Pure amylopectin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into the muscle, promoting anabolism, protein synthesis, and muscle cell expansion. Muscle cells will attract three grams of fluid for every one gram of glycogen stored in the muscle, in addition to the vitamins, minerals, bioactive food ingredients and various nutrients present in the fluid, thus creating a nutrient-packed muscle, promoting myocellular expansion and growth.

Glucose Polymers (Maltodextrin) are complex carbohydrates, commonly utilized in sports drinks and/or rehydrating beverages.5,6 Dietary carbohydrate is an essential macro nutrient consisting of starches, sugars, cellulose, gums, etc. Carbohydrate is usually the predominant macro nutrient in the diet, utilized for immediate and long-term energy. Ingested carbohydrate is metabolized (or broken down) into glucose in the blood, then stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen, via the production of insulin from the pancreas. Stored carbohydrate is critical to physique gains and physical performance5,6 because anaerobic and aerobic exercise rely on stored glycogen for energy and typically, the greater amount of stored glycogen, the better the physical performance. The amount of stored muscle glycogen also contributes to the aesthetics of the physique because, as previously mentioned, every one gram of stored glycogen holds three grams of intracellular water and nutrients. This will cause a lean muscle to look rounder, and feel "fuller."

Palatinose® (Isomaltulose) is a disaccharide derived from beet sugar and is also a natural component of honey and sugar cane molasses. Enzymatic rearrangement of the alpha-(1, 2) bond between the glucose and the fructose molecule to an alpha-(1, 6) bond converts sucrose into Palatinose®. Palatinose® was first discovered in 1957 by the research and development department of Südzucker AG and its name comes from the "Palatinate" where it was discovered; this region of Germany was known as ''Palatinum" by the Romans.8 Isomaltulose is a slow-releasing (Low Glycemic Response), lipolytic (fat burning), and nootropic carbohydrate, providing sustained energy and promoting mental focus for enhanced physical performance.9,10,11 The addition of isomaltulose to VOLUMAIZE® is designed to provide a steady state (moderate) release of carbohydrate during training. Keep in mind that Isomaltulose is generally released from the stomach slowly, due to its chemical structure and metabolic breakdown.

Dextran is a novel designer carbohydrate and glucan that is similar to amylopectin; however, it currently is not utilized orally as an ergogenic aid. A high molecular weight branched chain glucan produced by the fermentation of sucrose, dextran is found in beverages such as water kefir. The main chains of dextran are formed by alpha-(1, 6) linkages and the side branches are attached by alpha-(1, 4) linkages. Dextran is an extremely versatile carbohydrate source with a plethora of uses, including as a direct food additive, an indirect food additive, and as a dietary supplement. Dextran is sold as a direct food additive in the European Union in baked goods such as pastries, cakes, and muffins.12 The oral use of dextran for the regulation of athletic function in athletes is a novel approach to foster glycogen super-compensation without excessive carbohydrate depletion and loading. Dextran and amylopectin work together to provide a superior form of ingestible carbohydrate for the promotion of glycogen resynthesis and super-compensation.13

■ MyoHypertrophic Activating Complex

The MyoHypertrophic Activating Complex found in VOLUMAIZE® contains Trimethylglycine, Guanidinoacetic acid, Guanidinoproprionic acid, Beta-Alanine (CarnoSyn®), Leucine-Alpha Aminobutyric acid, Valine Leucine-Alpha Aminobutyric acid,, Isoleucine Leucine-Alpha Aminobutyric acid, Leucine Nitrate, Valine Nitrate, Isoleucine Nitrate, Histidine, Threonine, Lysine, Methionine, and Phenylalanine. The ingredients contained in this sub-blend can be categorized as Anabolic Agents [EAAs (Essential Amino Acids), which include the BCAAs (Branched Chain Amino Acids)], Anti-Fatigue Agents [Beta-Alanine (CarnoSyn®], Creatine Precursors [Trimethylglycine, Guanidinoacetic acid], CreatineTransporters [Guanidinoproprionic Acid], Anti-Catabolic Agents [Alpha-Amino-N-Butyrate], and Nitric Oxide & Ergogenic Agents [Nitrates].

Trimethylglycine (Betaine) is an amino acid derivative found in various plants, which primarily functions in the body as a methylating agent and is involved in the biosynthesis of creatine. Trimethylglycine (Betaine) as a stand alone ingredient has been shown to be a powerful ergogenic aid.13 In fact, research has shown that oral Trimethylglycine (Betaine) given to weight training individuals increased bench-throw power by 16% and isometric bench-press force increased by 28% when compared against a placebo.14

Guanidinoacetic acid (Glycocyamine) is a guanidine compound or glycine analog that is naturally produced in the human body and is involved in the biosynthesis of creatine. Creatine, or alpha-methyl-guanidinoacetic acid, is simply methylated glycocyamine or gaunidinoacetic acid. The oral combination of guanidinoacetic acid and trimethylglycine (termed the creatine precursor method) is designed to form creatine phosphate in the body and was first suggested in U.S. patent number 2,761,807.15 In 1956, oral creatine monohydrate was not established as an effective means to increase intramuscular creatine phosphate. The California Research Foundation first developed the creatine precursor method to increase creatine phosphate levels in certain individuals. Guanidinopropionic acid (b-GPA) [N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-beta-alanine] is a creatine analog that has been shown in animal studies to promote insulin sensitivity and fat burning.16,17,18 Guerrero-Ontiveros and Wallimann have demonstrated in animals that "Following β-GPA treatment, creatine transport activity actually increased, resulting in an increased uptake of supplemented creatine."19,20

Beta-alanine is the only naturally occurring beta amino acid with very unique ergogenic properties. Oral ingestion of beta-alanine increases the naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) in muscle. Strenuous exercise causes an accumulation of hydrogen ions and lactic acid, which causes the burning sensation in muscle fiber, otherwise known as muscular fatigue. Adequate muscle carnosine buffers hydrogen ions and lactic acid accumulation.21,22 The ergogenic effect of the creatine system is inhibited by hydrogen ions and lactic acid accumulation. The combination of beta-alanine and creatine enables creatine to function beyond the creatine rate limiting system, thus resulting in superior physical performance.23,24

The Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs), which are categorized as EAAs (Essential Amino Acids), consist of Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine. BSN has obtained two patent pending forms of new BCAAs, consisting of Alpha-Aminobutyric acid and Nitrate, or more specifically, Leucine-Alpha Aminobutyric acid, Valine-Alpha Aminobutyric acid,, Isoleucine-Alpha Aminobutyric acid,, Leucine Nitrate, Valine Nitrate, and Isoleucine Nitrate. BCAAs consumed during and post-workout are thought to spare muscle glycogen, promote anabolism, anti-catabolism, recovery, alanine and glutamine production, and regulate fatigue (lactic acid) and DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness).25,26,27,28

Alpha-Amino-N-Butyrate and Nitrate are novel BSN ingredients that work synergistically with the BCAAs and other ingredients in the formula. Alpha-Amino-N-Butyrate is a novel amino acid metabolite of the amino acid Leucine. The branched chain amino acid Leucine is metabolized to Ketoisocaproate (KIC) and then metabolized further to beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). These Leucine metabolites are known for their physical enhancement benefits and have been successfully sold as ergogenic dietary supplements for many years. However, another not-well-known Leucine metabolite referred to as Alpha-Aminobutyric acid will soon gain the same, if not greater, notoriety as a powerful ergogenic aid and anti-catabolic.

Nitrate, a salt of nitric acid (NO-3), is a natural constituent of plants and is found in vegetables at varying levels. According to the World Health Organization, most adults ingest 20-70 milligrams of nitrate per day with most of this coming from foods like lettuce, celery, beets, and spinach. Oral nitrate consumption from vegetables has been studied and linked to the promotion of cardiovascular health.29 Scientists have found that dietary nitrate is converted to nitrite (NO-2), which may lead to the formation of nitric oxide.28 Dietary nitrate has also been shown to lower oxygen demand during sub-maximal exercise, thus demonstrating enhanced energy production, which supports the use of nitrates as performance-enhancing ergogenic aids.30 The branched chain amino acid nitrates are multifunctional ingredients; the nitrate salt may improve oral absorption, while simultaneously enhancing nitric oxide production and physical performance.

The Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) Histidine, Methionine, Threonine, Lysine Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine are amino acids not made by the body, and thus must be consumed from food or supplements. VOLUMAIZE® takes full advantage of the ergogenic benefit of combining carbohydrates with these amino acids. The nutrient timing, or the ingestion of certain nutrients (such as EAAs) at specific times, is critical for maximum anabolism and physical performance. In fact, the combination of carbohydrate and EAAs taken during and thus immediately post-workout creates an extremely powerful anabolic response, resulting in stimulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and muscle protein synthesis in humans.30 mTOR is a protein kinase or enzyme, which is a regulator of protein synthesis and muscle growth (see Figure 1 below). The ingestion of both EAAs and CHO (carbohydrates) during and thus after resistance exercise versus ingested CHO or EAAs alone has been shown to promote a significantly greater anabolic response.31 The ingestion of both EAAs and CHO regulates exercise-induced cortisol (muscle degradation) (anti-catabolic), promotes insulin (anabolism), and overall physical performance.32,33,34

Figure 1: mTOR Signalling In Humans

■ Insulino-Mimetic Matrix

The Insulino-Mimetic Matrix present in VOLUMAIZE® contains Cinnulin-PF® (Aqueous Cinnamon Extract), Banaba (18% colosolic acid), Bis-Glycinato-Oxovanadium (BGOV), and Bis-Picolinate-Oxovanadium (BPOV).

Cinnulin PF® is an aqueous extract of Cinnamon bark, which contains uniquely linked proanthocyanidins, or ULPs. Proanthocyanidins are natural flavonoids found in cinnamon, grape seed, red wine, cranberry and green tea. Researchers have found that ULPs are powerful antioxidants that eliminate harmful free radicals and may promote glucose metabolism. Clinical studies report that cinnamon maintains blood glucose (sugar), cholesterol and triglyceride levels that are already within the normal range.35,36 The regulation of insulin plays an important role in the storage of carbohydrate in the muscle.

Banaba (18% colosolic acid) (leaf) also known as (Lagerstroemia Speciosa), Crepe Myrtle, Queen's Flower or Pride of India, is a tropical botanical, which contains the triterpene colosolic acid. The natural botanical constituent colosolic acid is thought to regulate or modulate insulin release, which maintains blood sugar levels already within the normal range. Banaba research demonstrates the regulation of glucose transport in cell cultures and modulation of glucose in animals.37,38 There is also human research supporting the regulation of blood glucose already in the normal range.39 However, new research has recently demonstrated that there may be other constituents of banaba that are also involved in the glucose transport function.40 Currently, another aspect of colosolic acid’s blood sugar regulating properties is thought to deal with the modulation of hepatic or liver glucose metabolism.41

Vanadium is a metallic element, which exists in several oxidation states and is known for its unique colors. Found in foods such as skim milk, lobster, vegetable oils, and many vegetables, grains and cereals, vanadium is known for its insulin-mimetic functions and therefore its ability to regulate blood glucose levels already within the normal range.42 One of the early forms of vanadium sold as dietary supplement consisted of vanadyl sulfate. The next generation of vanadium consists of complexes such as Bis-Glycinato-Oxovanadium (BGOV) and Bis-Picolinate-Oxovanadium (BPOV), both of which possess greater absorption and bioavailability then the original sulfate version.43, 44, 45,46 Bis-Glycinato-Oxovanadium (BGOV) is a complex of vanadium and the amino acid glycine, while Bis-Picolinate-Oxovanadium (BPOV) is a complex of vanadium and picolinic acid.

■Glycerol-Phosphoplexx Blend

Composed of Calcium Glycerophosphate, Magnesium Glycerophosphate, Sodium Glycerophosphate, Potassium Glycerophosphate, and Glycerol Stearate, the Glycerol-Phosphoplexx Blend found in VOLUMAIZE® provides essential minerals for muscle contraction and fluid balance (electrolytes), glycerol for cell volumization and hyper-hydration (hyper-hydrators), and phosphate for the promotion of ATP recycling and endurance (phosphate replacers).

Glycerol hyper-hydration is a technique utilized by athletes to promote super-hydration prior to an event in order to regulate hydration during hot or cold conditions (loss of fluids), thermoregulation (body temperature), and promote endurance.47,48,49,50,51 Oral ingestion of glycerol with water causes the water that is ingested with glycerol to be stored in the tissues and not excreted.

Oral phosphate loading is another method to promote athletic performance or endurance. Athletes consume mineral phosphates for three days prior to an event or competition in order to load muscle phosphate levels, thus supporting ATP recycling and possibly promoting the up- regulation of DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate), which may allow for improved unloading of oxygen from red blood cells to the tissues.52,53

Adequate electrolytes, or plasma and tissue minerals, are critical for optimal athletic performance.54 Loss of minerals during prolonged exercise via sweating can have a negative impact on physical performance,55 as athletes slow down as much as 2% for every 1% loss of bodyweight.56

Calcium is one of the most important minerals for the growth, maintenance, and reproduction of the human body.57 Calcium is also important for heart function, helps with muscle contraction and nerve signaling, and regulates the muscle cramping that often stems from intense exercise.

Magnesium plays an important role in the production and transport of energy and is also important for the contraction and relaxation of muscles.57 Magnesium is further involved in the synthesis of protein, as it assists in the functioning of certain enzymes in the body and like calcium, it also helps regulate muscle cramping due to intense exercise.

Potassium has various roles in metabolism and body functions and is essential for the proper function of all cells, tissues, and organs.57 Potassium also assists in the regulation of the acid-base balance, protein synthesis from amino acids, carbohydrate metabolism and is necessary for the building of muscle and for normal body growth.57

Sodium regulates blood pressure and blood volume, while also being crucial for the functioning of muscles, nerves, and creatine transport, and may be the most critical mineral in the regulation of muscle cramping due to intense exercise.57

■ Conclusion

In summary, VOLUMAIZE® contains one master proprietary blend referred to as the VOLUMAIZE® Proprietary Myocellular Expansion Matrix and four sub-proprietary blends consisting of Designer Glycogen Super-Compensation Polymers, the MyoHypertrophic Activating Complex, Insulino-Mimetic Matrix, and the Glycerol-Phosphoplexx.

The Designer Glycogen Super-Compensation Interfusion is a blend of novel carbohydrates designed to spare and promote glycogen storage, thus attracting fluid inside the muscle. The MyoHypertrophic Activating Complex is a blend of essential amino acids and creatine analogs designed to stimulate protein synthesis or muscle accretion, delay muscular fatigue, and support physical performance. The Insulino-Mimetic Matrix consists of insulin mimetics designed to promote the storage of carbohydrate as glycogen and support the absorption of amino acids. The Glycerol-Phosphoplexx consists of mineral glycerol phosphates designed to hydrate, provide needed minerals (electrolytes) for muscular contraction, and support phosphate recycling.

Important Note: This article is not intended as professional advice. Please seek the advice of a healthcare professional, and be sure to read the warning on the label before taking this dietary supplement. The information in this article is not intended to replace medical or nutritional advice. It is not the intent of this article to diagnose or prescribe. The intent is only to offer information to help you cooperate with your healthcare professional for optimal health. Please consult your healthcare professional before starting any exercise or diet program. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, prevent or mitigate any disease.

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